Matter verses antimatter

As reported in the April 27, 2009 NewScientist article "Where is all the antimatter?" one of the more perplexing unanswered questions in modern astrophysics is "Why is there more matter than anti-matter?".

The Big Bang theory suggests that matter and antimatter should have been produced in equal quantities.  Since collisions between matter and antimatter result in their mutual annihilation there should not be any ordinary matter, and its antimatter equivalent left in the universe.  However, it is obvious this did not happen because no galaxies or intergalactic clouds of antimatter have yet been detected that have the ability to offset the observed quantity of matter in the universe.  Therefore, it looks as if matter won out over antimatter.

"Why is there more matter that anti-matter in the universe?" can be understood if one views the universe in terms of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time as is being done in this blog.

In the article "The causality of energy"  Sept. 27, 2007 it was shown that all forms of energy can be defined in terms of a spatial displacement in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.  Additionally it has been shown it is possible to derive the "quantity" of mass in an object or particle terms of the magnitude of a displacement in a "surface" of that three-dimensional space manifold. 

This would also allow particle antiparticle annihilation to be definable and understandable in terms of the "upward" displacement in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold associated with an antiparticle "filling in" the equal but oppositely directed "downward" displacement associated with a particle.

This would not be possible if one defined the universe in terms of four-dimensional space-time because observations tell us that time can only be displaced or "moved" in one direction whereas it is possible to move a spatial dimension in two directions, up or down.

As mentioned earlier the article "The causality of energy"  Sept. 27, 2007 showed the energy of a system can be defined in terms of the magnitude of a spatial separation in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

However, this means that one could define the energy of particle antiparticle annihilation in terms of the absolute magnitude of the oppositely directed displacements their masses cause in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold.  Therefore, the energy of their annihilation would be equal to the sum of the energy associated with their combined masses.

However, this definition would provide an explanation of the why there is more matter than  antimatter in there universe.

As was mentioned earlier, mass can be defined in terms of a spatial displacement in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.  Therefore, the mass of a particle would be definable in terms of a "downward" displacement in that "surface" with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension while the mass of an antiparticle would be definable in terms of an "upward" displacement in that same surface.

But this indicates on average it would require less energy to form a particle than an antiparticle for the same reason that it takes less energy to fill a bucket with water by pushing it down below the surface of the water than it does by lifting the water into a bucket that is above its surface.

Therefore, there should be more particles than antiparticles left over after the big bang because it would take less energy to maintain the integrity of matter particle than an antimatter particle.

Later Jeff

The "Shadows" of four spatial dimensions

Copyright Jeffrey O’Callaghan 2009