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Jefferson Davis & Chief Black Hawk- “From Kentucky Cabin to the Capitol” article series
Article by Dr Howard Edward Haller
The public is well aware that Jefferson F. Davis was President of the Confederate States of America. This article is one of a series of articles about “Jefferson Davis-A Memoir by his Great Great Grandson” and “From Kentucky Cabin to the Capitol” which will share “the rest of the story” of who Jefferson Davis was and what he stood for and his wide range of accomplishments. Jefferson Davis was born in log cabin in Kentucky and his family settled in Mississippi when he was a young boy.
This series of well-documented and informative articles will explore an number of the facets of Jefferson Davis’s life as a West Point graduate, a US Military career officer, an industrious young man who carved out a plantation from a brier covered swamp land, a Mississippi Militia Colonel (later Militia Major General), served in US Congress (both as a multiple term Senator and Congressman), as the outstanding US Secretary of War for President Franklin Pierce, in addition to having been President of the Confederate States of America. Jefferson Davis was a truly renaissance man with deep values as a caring and compassionate man. Jeff Davis had passionate opinions of the strict interpretation of the US Constitution in which the Founding Fathers of United States clearly limited the power of the Federal Government. Jefferson Davis was named after Thomas Jefferson, by his parents. Jefferson Davis’s father, Samuel, was a hero in the American army during Revolutionary War.
After graduating from the United States Military Academy at age 20, Jefferson Davis received a Commission in the US Regular Army. The young Second Lieutenant was initially assigned to the Sixth Regiment of Infantry and then he was assigned to the First Regiment of Infantry.
US Army Lieutenant Jeff Davis was then sent to what is now Wisconsin, to Fort Crawford in what was then an only slightly inhabited portion of the Northwest Territories and a much colder climate then he was used to in Mississippi. Lt. Davis was soon reassigned and sent to Fort Winnebago also in the Northwest Territories. While in the US Army in the Northwest Territories, Jeff caught pneumonia and became very ill while he was stationed in the freezing cold, the dampness, and snowy frontier of Wisconsin.
About the time Jeff Davis had recovered from his bad case of pneumonia, his First Regiment of Infantry received a new commander, Colonel Zachary Taylor. Jeff had performed risky tasks on patrol in the sparsely inhabited Northwest Territories, but many of his military duties were both mundane and boring. For his first three years in the US Army Lt. Jeff Davis’s job was to assist the US Army in protecting US Citizens from attacks from both the local Indians and the British.
The ranking US Army officer in that portion of the Northwest Territories was General Gaines, and he was Colonel Zach Taylor’s direct superior. There was proposed “Peace Conference” about the “former” tribal lands with prominent Indian leaders, including the famous and feared Chief Black Hawk.
The Indian leaders, including Chief Black Hawk were not willing to meet the General at the US Army Fort. So the two parties came up with the unusual idea for the two groups, the Indian Chiefs and the US Military Officers to meet at a neutral location. The obstacle of the non-traditional meeting location was overcome because General Gaines was brave enough to meet Chief Black Hawk, his braves and the other Indian Chiefs on neutral ground, away from the safety of the US Army Fort.
General Gaines decided to boldly go to the meeting with the Chief Black Hawk and the other Indian leaders with only an interpreter, two enlisted men, and young Lieutenant Jefferson Davis. The “Peace Conference” with the Indians was a total failure. However, this would not be Lieutenant Davis’s last encounter with Chief Black Hawk.
Chief Black Hawk and the other Indian Chief’s had absolutely no intention to allow the US Government to take Indian Tribal lands under any circumstance. It was very clear to General Gaines after the complete failure of the “Peace Conference” that Chief Black Hawk and warriors were leaving the “No Peace Conference” meeting with every intension to fight to the end for their lands. As a result of the Conference failure,
Young Lieutenant Davis would see his first view of battle in 1831 in what became known as the “Black Hawk War.” The Black Hawk War consisted most of raids by the Indians on the white settlers and the US Army along with the Illinois Militia volunteer engaging the Indians in selected battles.
The initial successes of Chief Black Hawk and his warriors making raids on isolated settlers emboldened the Indians to make even more savage attacks on the settler and their families. There were a number of battles with the Indians over the next nearly two years. The final battle of the Black Hawk Wars was the Battle of Bad Axe. It is well documented that US Army Regular Lieutenant Jefferson Davis and volunteer militia Officer Abraham Lincoln both were at least present at that final of the Black Hawk Wars at Bad Axe in August of 1832.
Chief Black Hawks and his warriors were successfully captured at the end of the Battle of Bad Axe by the US Army and volunteer militia troops on August 3, 1832. After the Indian War had been won by the US Army, it was Lieutenant Davis who was assigned to personally escort the defeated Chief Black Hawk from Wisconsin to Jefferson Barracks in Saint Louis, Missouri.
Jefferson Davis was a young professional US Army Officer and a member of the winning side of the Black Hawk War. However Davis had developed a high level of respect for Chief Black Hawk, both as a man and as a leader. It was reported that Lieutenant Davis conducted himself in a professional proper military manner, but elected to act kindly and with respect to his defeated enemy.
Jeff’s professional but fair treatment of the defeated Chief Black Hawk is well documented. In his autobiography, Chief Black Hawk, specifically gave this specific praise to ["young war chief"] Lieutenant Jeff Davis,
“We started to Jefferson Barrack in a steam boat, in
the charge of young war chief [Lieutenant Jefferson Davis], who treated us all with much kindness. He is a good and brave young war chief, with whose conduct I was much pleased.
Historical Note: The successful effort to restore Jefferson Davis’s United States citizenship was led by United States Senator’s Eastland, Thurmond, Hatfield and Hatch on the US Senate Judiciary Committee to Jefferson Davis’s citizenship (the author’s Great Great Grandfather). Jefferson F. Davis was a West Point graduate, a US Military career officer, created a successful plantation from swamp land, was a Mississippi Militia Colonel (later Major General), served in the US Congress (as Congressman and Senator), as the US Secretary of War for President Franklin Pierce, all this in addition to having been President of the Confederate States of America. Dr. Haller actively lobbied on both sides of the aisle of the US Congress, along with the significant efforts by Senator’s Eastland, Thurmond, Hatfield and Hatch, to successfully finally restore Jefferson Davis’s citizenship. Haller worked with President Jimmy Carter and his senior White House staff, including White House Chief of Staff. President Carter signed the unanimously passed US Senate Joint Resolution 16, on October 17, 1978.
Copyright 2008 (c) Dr Howard Edward Haller
About the Author
Dr. Howard Edward Haller is a well respected academic scholar, University Professor, University Trustee, former President of University Board of Trustees, award winning author, and professional speaker. Dr. Haller is also an accomplished senior business executive.
Dr. Haller has served as Senior Vice President, Managing Director, Executive Vice President & COO, or President of major companies such as IFC Capital, Anaconda-Ericsson, United Artist