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 PUBLIC RELATIONS LIFESTYLE WORLDWIDE NATIONAL PR FIRM KIP MORRISON 310-274-6726 #1 SOURCE PUBLIC RELATIONS CELEBRITY FASHION TOP PR COMPANY PUBLIC RELATIONS THE BESTFIRM FASHION LIFESTYLE #1 PR ALL CELEBRITY FASHION TOP PR COMPANY #1 national public relations firm kip morrison & assoicates specializing in PR fashion lifestyleNATIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS FIRM #1 SOURCE SPECIALIZING IN FASHION BEAUTY LIFESTYLES NATIONAL PR FIRM #1 SOURCE PUBLIC RELATIONS FIRM KIP MORRISON & ASSOCIATES INC. 101 South Robertson Blvd #213 LA CA 90048 310-274-6726 Kip Morrison & Associates specializing in fashion, beauty and lifestyle! Public Relations stressing fashion lifestyle beauty & trendsetters, Kip Morrison and Associates maintains close relationships with top media outlets, stylists, trendsetters that offers clients in-depth national public relations in fashion beauty lifestyles! Kip Morrison & Associates specializing in fashion, beauty and lifestyle! Public Relations stressing fashion lifestyle beauty & trendsetters, Kip Morrison and Associates maintains close relationships with top media outlets, stylists, trendsetters that offers clients in-depth national public relations in fashion beauty lifestyles!PUBLIC RELATIONS #1 FASHION LIFESTYLE KIP MORRISON ASSOCIATES 310-274-6726 TOP BEVERLY HILLS PUBLIC RELATIONS TOP BEAUTY LIFESTYLE CELEBRITY #1 PUBLIC RELATIONS KIP MORRISON NATIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS! CHRISTIAN TOP POSITIVE MUSIC DAVID CREATIVE #1 RATED CHRISTIAN MUSIC! Billy Sherwood Now Endorses Spector Basses! Sakis Rouvas as Hot as Ever BBC’s Skins is now on DVD - One of The Best Series I Have Ever Seen! The Yawn that is the New Season of Desperate Housewives  Your favorite TV shows on Zimbio now - for free!E! 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Search Advanced Search Skip to Content www.bls.govSearch: All BLS.gov News Releases All Publications - Occupational Outlook Handbook - Compensation & Working Conditions - The Editor's Desk - Monthly Labor Review - Occupational Outlook Quarterly - Career Information for Kids Research Papers for: Newsroom | Tutorials | Release Calendar Home Subject Areas Databases & Tables Publications Economic Releases A - Z Index | About BLSOOH Occupational Outlook Handbook Management Professional Service Sales Administrative Farming Construction Installation Production Transportation Armed Forces MLR Monthly Labor Review Current Issue Index Archive CWC Compensation and Working Conditions Compensation Safety and Health Collective Bargaining OOQ Occupational Outlook Quarterly Current Issue Index Archive TED TED: The Editor's Desk Current Article Archive CGI Career Guide to Industries Natural resources, construction, and utilities Manufacturing Trade Transportation Information Financial activities Professional and business services Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Government and advocacy, grantmaking, and civic organizations ALL Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2008-09 Edition FONT SIZE: PRINT: OOH Home Management Management Business and financial operations Professional Computer and mathematical Architects, surveyors, and cartographers Engineers Drafters and engineering technicians Life scientists Physical scientists Social scientists and related Science technicians Community and social services Legal Education, training, library, and museum Art and design Entertainers and performers, sports and related Media and communication-related Health diagnosing and treating Health technologists and technicians Service Healthcare support Protective service Food preparation and serving related Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance Personal care and service Sales Administrative Financial clerks Information and record clerks Material recording, scheduling, dispatching and distributing Other office and administrative support Farming Construction Installation Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers and repairers Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers Other installation, maintenance, and repair Production Assemblers and fabricators Food processing Metal workers and plastic workers Printing Textile, apparel, and furnishings Woodworkers Plant and system operators Other production occupations Transportation Air transportation Motor vehicle operators Rail transportation Water transportation Material moving occupations Armed Forces SEARCH OOH RELATED LINKS: TOMORROW'S JOBS OOH REPRINTS IMPORTANT INFO HOW TO ORDER A COPY TEACHER'S GUIDE TO OOH ADDITIONAL LINKS: CAREER GUIDE TO INDUSTRIES CAREER ARTICLES FROM THE OOQ EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS (PDF) Public Relations SpecialistsNature of the Work Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement Employment Job Outlook Projections Data Earnings OES Data Related Occupations Sources of Additional Information Significant PointsAlthough employment is projected to grow faster than average, keen competition is expected for entry-level jobs. Opportunities should be best for college graduates who combine a degree in public relations, journalism, or another communications-related field with a public relations internship or other related work experience. The ability to communicate effectively is essential.Nature of the Work[About this section] Back to TopAn organization’s reputation, profitability, and even its continued existence can depend on the degree to which its targeted “publics” support its goals and policies. Public relations specialists—also referred to as communications specialists and media specialists, among other titles—serve as advocates for businesses, nonprofit associations, universities, hospitals, and other organizations, and build and maintain positive relationships with the public. As managers recognize the importance of good public relations to the success of their organizations, they increasingly rely on public relations specialists for advice on the strategy and policy of such programs.Public relations specialists handle organizational functions such as media, community, consumer, industry, and governmental relations; political campaigns; interest-group representation; conflict mediation; and employee and investor relations. They do more than “tell the organization’s story.” They must understand the attitudes and concerns of community, consumer, employee, and public interest groups and establish and maintain cooperative relationships with them and with representatives from print and broadcast journalism.Public relations specialists draft press releases and contact people in the media who might print or broadcast their material. Many radio or television special reports, newspaper stories, and magazine articles start at the desks of public relations specialists. Sometimes the subject is an organization and its policies toward its employees or its role in the community. Often the subject is a public issue, such as health, energy, or the environment, and what an organization does to advance that issue.Public relations specialists also arrange and conduct programs to keep up contact between organization representatives and the public. For example, they set up speaking engagements and often prepare speeches for company officials. These media specialists represent employers at community projects; make film, slide, or other visual presentations at meetings and school assemblies; and plan conventions. In addition, they are responsible for preparing annual reports and writing proposals for various projects.In government, public relations specialists—who may be called press secretaries, information officers, public affairs specialists, or communication specialists—keep the public informed about the activities of agencies and officials. For example, public affairs specialists in the U.S. Department of State keep the public informed of travel advisories and of U.S. positions on foreign issues. A press secretary for a member of Congress keeps constituents aware of the representative’s accomplishments.In large organizations, the key public relations executive, who often is a vice president, may develop overall plans and policies with other executives. In addition, public relations departments employ public relations specialists to write, research, prepare materials, maintain contacts, and respond to inquiries.People who handle publicity for an individual or who direct public relations for a small organization may deal with all aspects of the job. They contact people, plan and research, and prepare materials for distribution. They also may handle advertising or sales promotion work to support marketing efforts.Work environment. Public relations specialists work in busy offices. The pressures of deadlines and tight work schedules can be stressful. Some public relations specialists work a standard 35- to 40-hour week, but unpaid overtime is common and work schedules can be irregular and frequently interrupted. Occasionally, they must be at the job or on call around the clock, especially if there is an emergency or crisis. Schedules often have to be rearranged so that workers can meet deadlines, deliver speeches, attend meetings and community activities, and travel. Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement[About this section] Back to TopThere are no defined standards for entry into a public relations career. A college degree in a communications-related field combined with public relations experience is excellent preparation for public relations work.Education and training. Many entry-level public relations specialists have a college degree in public relations, journalism, advertising, or communication. Some firms seek college graduates who have worked in electronic or print journalism. Other employers seek applicants with demonstrated communication skills and training or experience in a field related to the firm’s business—information technology, health care, science, engineering, sales, or finance, for example.Many colleges and universities offer bachelor’s and postsecondary degrees in public relations, usually in a journalism or communications department. In addition, many other colleges offer at least one course in this field. A common public relations sequence includes courses in public relations principles and techniques; public relations management and administration, including organizational development; writing, emphasizing news releases, proposals, annual reports, scripts, speeches, and related items; visual communications, including desktop publishing and computer graphics; and research, emphasizing social science research and survey design and implementation. Courses in advertising, journalism, business administration, finance, political science, psychology, sociology, and creative writing also are helpful. Specialties are offered in public relations for business, government, and nonprofit organizations.Many colleges help students gain part-time internships in public relations that provide valuable experience and training. Membership in local chapters of the Public Relations Student Society of America (affiliated with the Public Relations Society of America) or in student chapters of the International Association of Business Communicators provides an opportunity for students to exchange views with public relations specialists and to make professional contacts that may help them find a job in the field. A portfolio of published articles, television or radio programs, slide presentations, and other work is an asset in finding a job. Writing for a school publication or television or radio station provides valuable experience and material for one’s portfolio.Some organizations, particularly those with large public relations staffs, have formal training programs for new employees. In smaller organizations, new employees work under the guidance of experienced staff members. Beginners often maintain files of material about company activities, scan newspapers and magazines for appropriate articles to clip, and assemble information for speeches and pamphlets. They also may answer calls from the press and the public, work on invitation lists and details for press conferences, or escort visitors and clients. After gaining experience, they write news releases, speeches, and articles for publication or plan and carry out public relations programs. Public relations specialists in smaller firms usually get all-around experience, whereas those in larger firms tend to be more specialized.Other qualifications. Public relations specialists must show creativity, initiative, and good judgment and have the ability to communicate thoughts clearly and simply. Decision-making, problem-solving, and research skills also are important. People who choose public relations as a career need an outgoing personality, self-confidence, an understanding of human psychology, and an enthusiasm for motivating people. They should be competitive, yet able to function as part of a team and be open to new ideas.Certification and advancement. The Universal Accreditation Board accredits public relations specialists who are members of the Public Relations Society of America and who participate in the Examination for Accreditation in Public Relations process. This process includes both a readiness review and an examination, which are designed for candidates who have at least 5 years of full-time work or teaching experience in public relations and who have earned a bachelor’s degree in a communications-related field. The readiness review includes a written submission by each candidate, a portfolio review, and dialogue between the candidate and a three-member panel. Candidates who successfully advance through readiness review and pass the computer-based examination earn the Accredited in Public Relations (APR) designation.The International Association of Business Communicators (IABC) also has an accreditation program for professionals in the communications field, including public relations specialists. Those who meet all the requirements of the program earn the Accredited Business Communicator (ABC) designation. Candidates must have at least 5 years of experience and a bachelor’s degree in a communications field and must pass written and oral examinations. They also must submit a portfolio of work samples demonstrating involvement in a range of communications projects and a thorough understanding of communications planning.Employers may consider professional recognition through accreditation as a sign of competence in this field, which could be especially helpful in a competitive job market.Promotion to supervisory jobs may come to public relations specialists who show that they can handle more demanding assignments. In public relations firms, a beginner might be hired as a research assistant or account coordinator and be promoted to account executive, senior account executive, account manager, and eventually vice president. A similar career path is followed in corporate public relations, although the titles may differ. Some experienced public relations specialists start their own consulting firms. (For more information on public relations managers, see the Handbook statement on advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers.)Employment[About this section] Back to TopPublic relations specialists held about 243,000 jobs in 2006. They are concentrated in service-providing industries such as advertising and related services; health care and social assistance; educational services; and government. Others work for communications firms, financial institutions, and government agencies.Public relations specialists are concentrated in large cities, where press services and other communications facilities are readily available and many businesses and trade associations have their headquarters. Many public relations consulting firms, for example, are in New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, and Washington, DC. There is a trend, however, for public relations jobs to be dispersed throughout the Nation, closer to clients.Job Outlook[About this section] Back to TopEmployment is projected to grow faster than average; however, keen competition is expected for entry-level jobs.Employment change. Employment of public relations specialists is expected to grow by 18 percent from 2006 to 2016, faster than average for all occupations. The need for good public relations in an increasingly competitive business environment should spur demand for these workers in organizations of all types and sizes. Those with additional language capabilities also are in great demand. Employment in public relations firms should grow as firms hire contractors to provide public relations services rather than support full-time staff.Among detailed industries, the largest job growth will continue to be in advertising and related services.Job prospects. Keen competition likely will continue for entry-level public relations jobs, as the number of qualified applicants is expected to exceed the number of job openings. Many people are attracted to this profession because of the high profile nature of the work. Opportunities should be best for college graduates who combine a degree in journalism, public relations, advertising, or another communications-related field with a public relations internship or other related work experience. Applicants without the appropriate educational background or work experience will face the toughest obstacles.Additional job opportunities should result from the need to replace public relations specialists who retire or leave the occupation for other reasons.Projections Data[About this section] Back to TopProjections data from the National Employment MatrixOccupational titleSOC CodeEmployment, 2006Projected employment,2016Change, 2006-16Detailed statisticsNumberPercentPublic relations specialists27-3031243,000286,00043,00018PDFzipped XLS    NOTE: Data in this table are rounded. See the discussion of the employment projections table in the Handbook introductory chapter on Occupational Information Included in the Handbook.Earnings[About this section] Back to TopMedian annual earnings for salaried public relations specialists were $47,350 in May 2006. The middle 50 percent earned between $35,600 and $65,310; the lowest 10 percent earned less than $28,080, and the top 10 percent earned more than $89,220. Median annual earnings in the industries employing the largest numbers of public relations specialists in May 2006 were:Management of companies and enterprises$52,940Business, professional, labor, political, and similar organizations51,400Advertising and related services49,980Local government47,550Colleges, universities, and professional schools43,330For the latest wage information:The above wage data are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey program, unless otherwise noted. For the latest National, State, and local earnings data, visit the following pages:Public relations specialists Related Occupations[About this section] Back to TopPublic relations specialists create favorable attitudes among various organizations, interest groups, and the public through effective communication. Other workers with similar jobs include advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers; demonstrators, product promoters, and models; news analysts, reporters, and correspondents; lawyers; market and survey researchers; sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing; and police and detectives involved in community relations.Sources of Additional Information[About this section] Back to TopDisclaimer:Links to non-BLS Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement. A comprehensive directory of schools offering degree programs, a sequence of study in public relations, a brochure on careers in public relations, and an online brochure entitled Where Shall I Go to Study Advertising and Public Relations?, are available from: Public Relations Society of America, Inc., 33 Maiden Lane, New York, NY 10038-5150. Internet: http://www.prsa.orgFor information on accreditation for public relations professionals and the IABC Student Web site, contact: International Association of Business Communicators, One Hallidie Plaza, Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94102.OOH ONET Codes[About this section] Back to Top27-3031.00Suggested citation: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2008-09 Edition, Public Relations Specialists, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos086.htm (visited April 21, 2009).Last Modified Date: December 18, 2007 Quick LinksToolsAt a Glance Tables Economic News Releases Databases & Tables Maps CalculatorsInflation Location Quotient Injury And Illness HelpHelp & Tutorials A to Z Index FAQs Glossary About BLS Contact Us InfoWhat's New Careers @ BLS Find It! 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The survey will be available in the taskbar at the bottom of your screen when you are ready to take it.   Back to TopFreedom of Information Act | Customer Survey | Do you have a technical Web site question?bls.gov U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections Suite 2135, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE Washington, DC 20212-0001 http://www.bls.gov/oco/ | Telephone: (202) 691-5700 | Fax: (202) 691-5745 Do you have a question about the Occupational Outlook Handbook? Food and Beverage Email this ArticlePrinter Friendly Page Pink/Black Party: A Tasty TwosomeBy Kate Aucella Kip Morrison's PR firm, Kip Morrison & Associates, is home to an impressive list of high-end clientele, and is one of the top 40 agencies in all of Los Angeles. Their knack for creating stylish, effective campaigns for their clients has kept them in business for over 20 years, and they are the marketing masterminds behind many personal care/lifestyle products such as Evian and Peugeot. Founder and president Kip Morrison counts fine arts, wine and spirits, and 'California living,' among her areas of expertise. KMA's newest additions, Pinky Vodka and Sterling Caviar, appear to fit right in at their new home. The tasty duo was the palette-pleasing toast of the 'Pink/Black Party,' held at the firm's Beverly Hills office, located in the heart of trendy shopping mecca Robertson Blvd. The Swedish-born Pinky Vodka made its debut amidst a sea of pink and black balloons, scented candles, and chattering party patrons. Mixed with chilled juices, it produced brightly colored cocktails that tasted as good as they looked, although it is smooth enough to be served straight up or on the rocks. The vodka's incredible taste (aka it's 'pink flavor') was crafted by a team of champion wine tasters, and comes from a mix of violets, rose petals, wild strawberries and certain botanicals that are hand-blended after distillation to ensure maximum flavor. Most traditional vodka producers add the ingredients before distillation occurs, which causes flavors and aromas to dissipate. Pinky's light, well-preserved ingredients also include mango, Italian citrus, and an undetectable touch of green pepper, which works as a flavor enhancer.   As many women know, the perfect compliment to pink, (in this case 'Pinky!"), is black, and this time black was in the form of Sterling caviar, one of the only American producers of farm-raised sturgeon caviar. Unlike other producers who catch wild fish to make their product, Sterling's eco-friendly process begins with a fertilized egg from two mature fish that is cared for up to ten years before the caviar actually gets made. I had never tried caviar before, and not only was it much yummier than I expected, it was a fun, fancy experience especially when one of the seasoned hostesses taught me to nix the little toast crackers it was served with and eat it directly off of my hand, showing me how a loosely closed fist forms that smooth little nook next to the thumb, perfect for a scoop of Sterling! Pretty pink drinks and top-of-the-line caviar made for a glamorously good time, proven by the fact that I effortlessly consumed two drinks in under an hour. This is newsworthy only because, at the socially ripe old age of 30, I usually consume no more than two drinks in the course of a night! The source of my guiltless guzzling was not only easy on the palette, but easy on the eyes. The Pinky bottle's design and packaging is so sleek and elegant that upon seeing it for the first time, I remember thinking 'Wow, that looks like the world's biggest perfume bottle... once it's empty, it will look beautiful on my vanity...I could use it for a vase or fill it with colored crystals!' I know, it's just a bottle, but it's a lovely, well-designed bottle, and it houses the spirit that is quickly becoming known as 'the world's most beautiful vodka.' Although Pinky is sure to be a hit among mere mortals, with an affordable retail price of $32.00 for 750ml., it has already attracted a celebrity following that includes Paris Hilton, Beyonce, Eva Longoria, and Selma Blair. (I wonder if they've ever had it with Sterling caviar' ) Want to throw your own Pink/Black Party? Take one part Pinky Vodka, one part Sterling Caviar, mix with good friends and enjoy. Cheers!Discuss this article in the Readers' ForumInfo on Kate Aucella Copyright © 2003 - 2009 Splash Magazines Worldwide. All rights reserved.Top of Page  Please participate in a vote to determine the future copyright terms of Wikimedia projects (vote ends May 3, 2009). Vote now! Scholarship applications for Wikimania 2009 are now open. Apply now! [Hide] [Help us with translations!] Public relationsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchTopics in journalismProfessional issuesNews • Writing • Ethics • Objectivity • Values • Attribution • Defamation • Editorial independence • Education • Other topicsFieldsArts • Business • Entertainment • Environment • Fashion • Medicine • Politics • Science • Sports • Tech • Trade • Traffic • WeatherGenresAdvocacy • Citizen • Civic • Collaborative • Community • Conspiracy • Gonzo • Investigative • Literary • Muckraker • New • Narrative • Peace • Visual • WatchdogSocial impactFourth Estate • Fifth Estate • Freedom of the press • Infotainment • Media bias • Public relations • Yellow journalismNews mediaNewspapers • Magazines • News agencies • Broadcast • Online • Photojournalism • Alternative mediaRolesJournalist • Reporter • Editor • Columnist • Commentator • Photographer • Presenter • Meteorologist • Production Manager • Intern This box: view • talk • edit For the Arrested Development episode, see Public Relations (Arrested Development episode).Public relations (PR) base between an organization and its publics.[1] Public relations – often referred to as PR – gains an organization or individual exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment.[2] Because public relations places exposure in credible third-party outlets, it offers a third-party legitimacy that advertising does not have.[2] Common activities include speaking at conferences, working with the press, and employee communication.PR can be used to build rapport with employees, customers, investors, voters, or the general public.[2] Almost any organization that has a stake in how it is portrayed in the public arena employs some level of public relations. A number of specialties exist within the field of public relations, such as Analyst Relations, Media Relations, Investor Relations or Labor Relations.Contents[hide]1 Definition 2 The industry today 3 Methods, tools and tactics 3.1 Publics targeting 3.2 Lobby groups 3.3 Spin 3.3.1 Spin doctor 3.4 Meet and Greet 3.5 Other 4 Politics and civil society 4.1 Defining the opponent 4.2 Managing language 4.3 Conveying the message 5 Front groups 6 References 7 Notes 8 See also 9 Further reading 10 External links [edit] DefinitionSee more at History of public relations The Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) claimed: "Public relations helps an organization and its publics adapt mutually to each other."[3] According to the PRSA, the essential functions of public relations include research, planning, communications dialogue and evaluation.[4]Edward Louis Bernays, who is considered the founding father of modern public relations along with Ivy Lee, in the early 1900s defined public relations as a management function which tabulates public attitudes, defines the policies, procedures and interests of an organization. . . followed by executing a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance" (see history of public relations).Today, "Public Relations is a set of management, supervisory, and technical functions that foster an organization's ability to strategically listen to, appreciate, and respond to those persons whose mutually beneficial relationships with the organization are necessary if it is to achieve its missions and values."[5] Essentially it is a management function that focuses on two-way communication and fostering of mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and its publics.Building and managing relationships with those who influence an organization or individual's important audiences has a central role in doing public relations.[6][edit] The industry todayAdvertising dollars in media products from corporations like News Corp., Dow Jones, and CMP are under rapid decline in favor of direct advertising products offered by search engines and other tools. 11 Traditional media publications are laying off journalists, consolidating beat reporters, shrinking their print editions, and many publications are shutting down entirely.[7]Blogs have lower over-head costs than traditional media and are often said to provide better news coverage and analysis.[8] Blogs are increasingly sprouting to replace traditional media with a more sustainable low-cost business model and are gaining more of a following.The advent of social media is the most pre-eminent trend in PR today.[9] It's important to note, while social media is on the rise, traditional media is yet to be taken over by the trend as of January 29, 2009.[10]Social media releases, search engine optimization, content publishing, and the introduction of podcasts and video are other burgeoning trends.[9][edit] Methods, tools and tacticsPublic relations and publicity are not synonymous but many PR campaigns include provisions for publicity. Publicity is the spreading of information to gain public awareness for a product, person, service, cause or organization, and can be seen as a result of effective PR planning.[edit] Publics targetingA fundamental technique used in public relations is to identify the target audience, and to tailor every message to appeal to that audience. It can be a general, nationwide or worldwide audience, but it is more often a segment of a population. Marketers often refer to economy-driven "demographics," such as "black males 18-49," but in public relations an audience is more fluid, being whoever someone wants to reach. For example, recent political audiences include "soccer moms" and "NASCAR dads." There is also a psychographic grouping based on fitness level, eating preferences, "adrenaline junkies,"etc...In addition to audiences, there are usually stakeholders, literally people who have a "stake" in a given issue. All audiences are stakeholders (or presumptive stakeholders), but not all stakeholders are audiences. For example, a charity commissions a PR agency to create an advertising campaign to raise money to find a cure for a disease. The charity and the people with the disease are stakeholders, but the audience is anyone who is likely to donate money.Sometimes the interests of differing audiences and stakeholders common to a PR effort necessitate the creation of several distinct but still complementary messages. This is not always easy to do, and sometimes – especially in politics – a spokesperson or client says something to one audience that angers another audience or group of stakeholders.[edit] Lobby groupsLobby groups are established to influence government policy, corporate policy, or public opinion. An example of this is the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, AIPAC, which influences American foreign policy. Such groups claim to represent a particular interest and in fact are dedicated to doing so. When a lobby group hides its true purpose and support base it is known as a front group. Moreover, governments may also lobby public relations firms in order to sway public opinion. A well illustrated example of this is the way civil war in Yugoslavia was portrayed. Governments of newly succeeded republics of Croatia and Bosnia invested heavily with American PR firms, so that the PR firms would give them a positive war image in the US.[11][edit] SpinIn public relations, "spin" is sometimes a pejorative term signifying a heavily biased portrayal in one's own favour of an event or situation. While traditional public relations may also rely on creative presentation of the facts, "spin" often, though not always, implies disingenuous, deceptive and/or highly manipulative tactics. Politicians are often accused of spin by commentators and political opponents, when they produce a counter argument or position.The techniques of "spin"s include selectively presenting facts and quotes that support one's position (cherry picking), the so-called "non-denial denial," phrasing in a way that assumes unproven truths, euphemisms for drawing attention away from items considered distasteful, and ambiguity in public statements. Another spin technique involves careful choice of timing in the release of certain news so it can take advantage of prominent events in the news. A famous reference to this practice occurred when British Government press officer Jo Moore used the phrase It's now a very good day to get out anything we want to bury, (widely paraphrased or misquoted as "It's a good day to bury bad news"), in an email sent on September 11, 2001. The furor caused when this email was reported in the press eventually caused her to resign.[edit] Spin doctorSkilled practitioners of spin are sometimes called "spin doctors," though probably not to their faces unless it is said facetiously. It is the PR equivalent of calling a writer a "hack." Perhaps the most well-known person in the UK often described as a "spin doctor" is Alastair Campbell, who was involved with Tony Blair's public relations between 1994 and 2003, and also played a controversial role as press relations officer to the British and Irish Lions rugby union side during their 2005 tour of New Zealand.State-run media in many countries also engage in spin by selectively allowing news stories that are favorable to the government while censoring anything that could be considered critical. They may also use propaganda to indoctrinate or actively influence citizens' opinions. Privately run media also uses the same techniques of 'issue' versus 'non-issue' to spin its particular political viewpoints.[edit] Meet and GreetMany businesses and organizations will use a Meet and Greet as a method of introducing two or more parties to each other in a comfortable setting. These will generally involve some sort of incentive, usually food catered from restaurants, to encourage employees or members to participate.There are opposing schools of thought as to how the specific mechanics of a Meet and Greet operate. The Gardiner school of thought states that unless specified as an informal event, all parties should arrive promptly at the time at which the event is scheduled to start. The Kolanowski school of thought, however, states that parties may arrive at any time after the event begins, in order to provide a more relaxed interaction environment.[edit] OtherPublicity events, pseudo-events, photo ops or publicity stunts The talk show circuit. A PR spokesperson (or his/her client) "does the circuit" by being interviewed on television and radio talk shows with audiences that the client wishes to reach. Books and other writings Blogs After a PR practitioner has been working in the field for a while, he or she accumulates a list of contacts in the media and elsewhere in the public affairs sphere. This "Rolodex" becomes a prized asset, and job announcements sometimes even ask for candidates with an existing Rolodex, especially those in the media relations area of PR. Direct communication (carrying messages directly to constituents, rather than through the mass media) with, e.g., newsletters – in print and e-letters. Collateral literature, traditionally in print and now predominantly as web sites. Speeches to constituent groups and professional organizations; receptions; seminars, and other events; personal appearances. The slang term for a PR practitioner or publicist is a "flak" (sometimes spelled "flack"). A DESK VISIT is where the PR person literally takes their product to the desk of the journalist in order to show them what they are promoting. [edit] Politics and civil society[edit] Defining the opponentA tactic used in political campaigns is known as "defining one's opponent." Opponents can be candidates, organizations and other groups of people.In the 2004 US presidential campaign, Howard Dean defined John Kerry as a "flip-flopper," which were widely reported and repeated by the media, particularly the conservative media. Similarly, George H.W. Bush characterized Michael Dukakis as weak on crime (the Willie Horton ad) and as hopelessly liberal ("a card-carrying member of the ACLU"). In 1996, President Bill Clinton seized upon opponent Bob Dole's promise to take America back to a simpler time, promising in contrast to "build a bridge to the 21st century." This painted Dole as a person who was somehow opposed to progress.In the debate over abortion, self-titled pro-choice groups, by virtue of their name, defined their opponents as "anti-choice", while self-titled pro-life groups refer to their opponents as "pro-abortion" or "anti-life".[edit] Managing languageIf a politician or organization can use an apt phrase in relation to an issue, such as in interviews or news releases, the news media will often repeat it verbatim, without questioning the aptness of the phrase. This perpetuates both the message and whatever preconceptions might underlie it. Often, something innocuous sounding can stand in for something greater; a "culture of life" sounds like general goodwill to most people, but will evoke opposition to abortion for many pro-life advocates. The phrase "States' rights" was used as a code for anti-civil rights legislation in the United States in the 1960s, and, allegedly, the 70s, and 80s.[edit] Conveying the messageThe method of communication can be as important as a message. Direct mail, robocalling, advertising and public speaking are used depending upon the intended audience and the message that is conveyed. The country of Israel has recently employed a series of Web 2.0 initiatives, including a blog,[12] MySpace page,[13] YouTube channel,[14] Facebook page[15] and a political blog to reach different audiences.[16] The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs started the country's video blog as well as its political blog.[16] The Foreign Ministry held the first microblogging press conference via Twitter about its war with Hamas, with Consul David Saranga answering live questions from a worldwide public in common text-messaging abbreviations.[17] The questions and answers were later posted on IsraelPolitik, the country's official political blog.[18][edit] Front groupsOne of the most controversial practices in public relations is the use of front groups – organizations that purport to serve a public cause while actually serving the interests of a client whose sponsorship may be obscured or concealed. Critics of the public relations industry, such as PR Watch, have contended that Public Relations involves a "multi-billion dollar propaganda-for-hire industry" that "concoct[s] and spin[s] the news, organize[s] phoney 'grassroots' front groups, sp[ies] on citizens, and conspire[s] with lobbyists and politicians to thwart democracy." [1].Instances of the use of front groups as a PR technique have been documented in many industries. Coal mining corporations have created environmental groups that contend that increased CO2 emissions and global warming will contribute to plant growth and will be beneficial, trade groups for bars have created and funded citizens' groups to attack anti-alcohol groups, tobacco companies have created and funded citizens' groups to advocate for tort reform and to attack personal injury lawyers, while trial lawyers have created "consumer advocacy" front groups to oppose tort reform.[2][3][4][edit] References^ Grunig, James E. and Hunt, Todd. Managing Public Relations. (Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984), 6e. ^ a b c Answers.com Marketing Dictionary: Public Relations. Retrieved August 7, 2008 ^ From the Public Relations Society of America Web ball, http://prsa.org/pressroom/aboutpr.htm. 2001. ^ From the Public Relations Society of America Web site, http://prsa.org/pressroom/aboutpr.htm. 2001. ^ Encyclopedia of public relations, by Robert L. Heath, 2005. Retrieved August 7, 2008. ^ David Phillips (2006) Towards relationship management: Public relations at the core of organizational development, Journal of Communication Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited ^ Paul Gillin (2008) Newspaper Death Watch. Retrieved August 29, 2008 ^ Brian Caulfield (2007) "Bye-Bye, Business 2.0" Forbes. Retrieved August 29, 2008 ^ a b Paul (2008) "8 Public Relations Trends to Watch" Retrieved August 29, 2008. ^ http://mashable.com/2009/01/29/stats-old-media-decline/ ^ See Peter Viggo Jakobsen, Focus on the CNN Effect Misses the Point: The Real Media Impact on Conflict Management is Invisible and Indirect, Journal of Peace Research, vol.37, no.2. Institute of Political Science, University of Copenhagen (2000). ^ Israel Video Blog aims to show the world 'the beautiful face of real Israel', Ynet, February 24, 2008. ^ Israel seeks friends through MySpace page, Bobby Johnson, The Guardian, March 23, 2007. ^ Israel uses YouTube, Twitter to share its point of view, CNN, December 31, 2008 ^ Israel's New York Consulate launches Facebook page, Ynet, December 14, 2007. ^ a b Latest PR venture of Israel's diplomatic mission in New York attracts large Arab audience, Ynet, June 21, 2007. ^ Battlefront Twitter, HAVIV RETTIG GUR, The Jerusalem Post, December 30, 2008. ^ The Toughest Q's Answered in the Briefest Tweets, Noam Cohen, The New York Times, January 3, 2009; accessed January 5, 2009. [edit] NotesBernays, Edward (1945). Public Relations. Boston, MA: Bellman Publishing Company.  Burson, Harold (2004). E pluribus unum: The Making of Burson-Marsteller. New York: Burson-Marsteller.  Calcagni, Thomas (2007). Tough Questions, Good Answers, Taking Control of Any Interview. Sterling, VA: Capital Books, Inc.. ISBN 978-1-933102-50-4.  Caponigro, Jeff (2000). THE CRISIS COUNSELOR: A step-by-step guide to managing a business crisis. New York: McGraw-Hill/ Contemporary Books. ISBN 0-9659606-0-9.  Cutlip, Scott (1994). The Unseen Power: Public Relations, A History. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-1464-7.  Ewen, Stuart (1996). PR!: A Social History of Spin. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-06168-0.  Forman, Amanda (2001). Georgiana Duchess of Devonshire. New York: Random House USA Inc; New Ed edition. ISBN 0-037-5753834-0.  Grunig, James E.; and Todd Hunt (1984). Managing Public Relations. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 0-03-058337-3.  Hall, Phil (2007). The New PR. Mount Kisco, NY: Larstan Publishing. ISBN 0-9789182-0-7.  International Association of Business Communicators (IABC) Macnamara, Jim (2005). Jim Macnamara's Public Relations Handbook (5th ed. ed.). Melbourne: Archipelago Press. ISBN 0-9587537-4-1.  Nelson, Joyce (1989). Sultans of Sleaze: Public Relations and the Media. Toronto: Between The Lines. ISBN 0-921284-22-5.  Phillips, David (2001). Online Public Relations. London: Kogan Page. ISBN 0-7494-3510-0.  Seitel, Fraser. The Practice of Public Relations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: 10 ed. 2006 ISBN-10: 0132304511 Stauber, John C.; and Sheldon Rampton (1995). Toxic Sludge is Good for You: Lies, Damn Lies, and the Public Relations Industry. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press. ISBN 1-56751-061-2.  Tye, Larry (1998). The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays & the Birth of Public Relations. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 0-517-70435-8.  Tymson, Candy; and Peter Lazar (2006). Public Relations Manual. Sydney: Tymson Communications. ISBN 0-9579130-1-X.  Stoykov, Lubomir; and Valeria Pacheva (2005). Public Relations and Business Communication. Sofia: Ot Igla Do Konetz. ISBN 954-9799-09-3.  Scott M. Cutlip/ Allen H. Center/ Glen M. Broom, "Effective Public Relations," 7th Ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Simon and Schuster Company, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 07632, 1994, Figure 10-1 Center, Allen H. and Jackson, Patrick, "Public Relations Practices," 5th ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle, N.J., 1995, pp. 14-15 Crifasi, Sheila C., "Everything's Coming Up Rosie," from Public Relations Tactics, September, 2000, Vol. 7, Issue 9, Public Relations Society of America, New York, 2000. Kelly, Kathleen S., "Effective Fund Raising Management," Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, N.J., 1998 Wilcox, D.L., Ault, P.H., Agee, W.K., & Cameron, G., "Public Relations Strategies and Tactics," 7th ed., Allyn & Bacon, Boston, MA, 2002 Grunig, James E. and Hunt, Todd. Managing Public Relations. (Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984), 6. [edit] See alsoChief Communications Officer Marketing and Advertising Promotion (marketing) Publicity Public Opinion Spin (public relations) Interactive PR [edit] Further readingEdward Bernays. (1928) "Propaganda". Boorstin, Daniel J. (1972) The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America. New York: Atheneum. Ewen, Stuart. (1996) PR! A Social History of Spin. New York: BasicBooks. Hall, Phil. (2007) The New PR. Mount Kisco, N.Y.: Larstan Publishing. Seib, Patrick and Fitzpatrick, Kathy. (1995) Public Relations Ethics. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace and Company. [edit] External linksPublic Relations at the Open Directory Project About the industry A History of Public Relations, from The Institute for Public Relations Watchdogs and critics SourceWatch.org Provides background on PR agencies and practitioners. Focuses mostly on conservative and right-wing PR in the US PR Watch, critiques deceptive PR campaigns Spinwatch, a page which monitors public relations and propaganda CorporateWatch, a critical overview of the public relations and lobbying industry Annenberg Political Fact Check A nonpartisan, nonprofit consumer advocate which monitors the factual accuracy of statements by political players [hide] v • d • ePropaganda techniques Bandwagon effect · Big lie · Buzzword · Card stacking · Code word · Dog-whistle politics · Doublespeak · Framing · Glittering generality · Indoctrination · Lesser of two evils principle · Loaded language · Newspeak · Public relations · Plain folks · Slogan · Weasel wordRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_relations"Categories: Communication | Public relations | Marketing | Communication design | Business ethicsViewsArticle Discussion Edit this page History Personal toolsLog in / create account PUBLIC RELATIONS PUBLIC RELATIONS KIP MORRISON PR FIRM DOES IT ALL IN PUBLIC RELATIONS...NavigationMain page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search   InteractionAbout Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Help ToolboxWhat links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languagesالعربية Български Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk (bokmål)‬ Polski Português Română Русский Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / Srpski Suomi Svenska Tagalog Tiếng Việt Türkçe Українська ייִדיש 中文 This page was last modified on 21 April 2009, at 18:09 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers What is Public Relations?Ads by GoogleReputation ManagementFast Removal of Negative Posts Get a Free Rep Mgmt Analysis Today!ReputationManagementConsultants.comPublic Relation CoursesFrom basic courses to intensive professional programs. Enroll now !www.uclaextension.eduPr MarketingDistribute Your News to the Media & Consumers. Over 100,000 Contacts!www.prweb.comPublic Relations CompanyDirectory of PR Agencies. The Online Business Directory.www.business.comXClose this windowThe main goal of a publicpublicpublic relationsrelationsrelations department is to enhance a company’s reputation. Staff that work in publicpublicpublic relationsrelationsrelations, or as it is commonly known, PR, are skilled publicists. They are able to present a company or individual to the world in the best light. The role of a publicpublicpublic relationsrelationsrelations department can be seen as a reputation protector.The business world of today is extremely competitive. Companies need to have an edge that makes them stand out from the crowd, something that makes them more appealing and interesting to both the publicpublicpublic and the media. The publicpublicpublic are the buyers of the product and the media are responsible for selling it.PublicPublicPublic relationsrelationsrelations provide a service for the company by helping to give the publicpublicpublic and the media a better understanding of how the company works. Within a company, publicpublicpublic relationsrelationsrelations can also come under the title of publicpublicpublic information or customer relationsrelationsrelations. These departments assist customers if they have any problems with the company. They are usually the most helpful departments, as they exist to show the company at their best.PR also helps the company to achieve its full potential. They provide feedback to the company from the publicpublicpublic. This usually takes the form of research regarding what areas the publicpublicpublic is most happy and unhappy with.People often have the perception of publicpublicpublic relationsrelationsrelations as a group of people who spin everything. Spin can mean to turn around a bad situation to the company’s advantage. It is true that part of the purpose of publicpublicpublic relationsrelationsrelations is to show the company in a positive light no matter what. There are certain PR experts that a company can turn to for this particular skill.The publicpublicpublic often think of PR as a glamorous job. PublicPublicPublic relationsrelationsrelations people seem to have been tarred with the image of constant partying and networking to find new contacts. The reality is usually long hours and hard work for anyone involved in publicpublicpublic relationsrelationsrelations.There are certain skills necessary to work in the world of PR. These include a very high level of communication skills, written and verbal. The PR person must also be very adept at multitasking and time management. He or she may also have some form of media background or training in order to understand how the media and advertising work. Organizational and planning skills are also important in publicpublicpublic relationsrelationsrelations.The PR worker must also be able to cope very well under pressure. He or she must have the ability to cope with a barrage of questions from the media and the publicpublicpublic. If a company comes under critical attack, it is the PR department who must take control of the situation. They must effectively answer the criticism and turn it around in order to protect the company’s reputation.A publicpublicpublic relationsrelationsrelations worker usually has some form of relevant college qualification. Competition for jobs in PR is fierce. A talented publicpublicpublic relationsrelationsrelations person has the opportunity to work up from a junior account executive to an account director in around five years. This is not a nine to five job; the hours are long and can be stressful. However, for successful PR workers, the pay is good and the perks may be even better.Related wiseGEEK articlesWhat is an Image Consultant?Is Multitasking Efficient?What is the Mainstream Media?What is a Public Relations Specialist?What is a Media Circus?What is Multitasking?What is an Open Letter?CategoryBusiness and EconomyNew: Discuss this ArticlePosted by: anon28397 Every organisation exists on public relations. Discuss. Posted by: jamesmonday what is a pr copy? Posted by: fbird1 The definition of Public Relations is: It is the management function which evaluates public attitudes, identifies the policies and procedures of an individual or organization with the public interest, and plans, executes, and evaluates a program of action to earn understanding and acceptance. Posted by: senior09 i am a senior and i dream of becoming a PR one day what do i need to major in, in order to become a PR Posted by: anon21353 I am going into college and I have dreams of the PR world. What should my majors and minors be to successfully go through with my career choice. Posted by: terryb56789 what are some ethical concerns in public relations? Posted by: anon20628 I'm currently in college as well and I am also a PR major. I was curious to see what minors I should take to better assist my PR major. My options are a minor in advertising or a double minor in graphic design and psychology. Any Suggestions?! Posted by: anon20610 I am a college student writing a paper on public relations and found this article to be the most helpful. Posted by: anon18302 this has been very helpful!!!I am a college student working project and this was the only website that helped me understand what exactly i need to do. Posted by: apolo72 I'd argue that a healthy dose of charisma would help the PR person. You probably want to be a pretty good people person if you want to be a successful PR person because where your responses or arguments fall flat, your ability to schmooze might help you get through some tough criticism or challenges. Post your questions or comments about this article!XClose this windowFREE: Subscribe to wiseGEEKhelp      learn more our strict privacy policy ensures that your email address will be safeWritten by Garry Crystal copyright © 2003 - 2009 conjecture corporation home FAQ contact about testimonials terms privacy policy        wiseGEEK features... email this article print this article link to this article comment on this article add page to favorites suggest a topic    http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-public-relations.htm#il">source: Public relations Sign up Now Fresh FacesSplash WorldwideLatest HeadlinesEntertainment and CultureMother's Day Entertainment and Culture Gift Guide 2009runway finale Bonnie & Clyde's Spring 2009 Fashion Show Review - Featuring Project Runway Winner Christian Siriano Lakeside Singers Review – Celebrating 10 Years of Feel Good ConcertsLydia - Theatre Review - Lydia Tells it Like it is! 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