Rap Music
RBG Street Scholars Think Tank's Purpose: This Educational Program and Research Project is Dedicated to Further Building the Hip Hop--Black Liberation Movement Connection by Integrating Conscious Digital Edutainment with A Scholarly... [more]
RBG Street Scholars Think Tank's Purpose:
This Educational Program and Research Project is Dedicated to Further Building the Hip Hop--Black Liberation Movement Connection by Integrating Conscious Digital Edutainment with A Scholarly Self Directed Learning Environment.
N.B. June 3, 2007: From this point forward all post in the article /group blog section without thumbnails will be delete by the editor/RBG Street Scholar. This is because such posts compromise the formating of the zine. Furthermore, we refuse to get side tracked with eurocentric rap/pop culture. So, if posts don't jell with the RBG Movement / Rap Genre and the academic nature of the zine,again, they will be deleted. This is not a democracy, but an educational research project; and as such we intend to stay on point regarding our edutainment mission, goals and objectives. Please don't allow the title to make you get it twisted, the full title is RBG Hip Hop/Conscious Rap Music Wikizine.
Anyone who has a problem with this please start your own zine, it's free.
Asante(Thank You) for your contributions.
This Zine is a Hip Hop / Rap Music guide with photos,audio, videos, links, feeds, news, comments, group blog and forum. Special focus on Hip Hop History, Underground /Indie and the Positive and Socio-politically Conscious Rap Genre / Artists, RBG Style; along with links and extensions to each of the integral aspects of hip hop culture. Including Knowledge, DJing, MCing, Break Dancing and Graffiti.
Please take some time to browse.Your contributions are welcome and encouraged if you're looking for a scholarly, and at the same time entertaining, place to expose your work and help build a comprehensive multi-media resource for others to learn from. It's what we make it--a project in evolution and always under construction.The more of us that have something to share on the subject contribute, the better this resource will be for those wanting to do research.
"Of All The Disciplines Of Study, History Is Best Qualified To Reward All Research". Thus, let's commence the discourse with a brief historical overview.
The Political Origins of Hip-hop:
> Historically poetry/ rap/ spoken word, literature and music have been combine to play a pivotal role in black progress and power, rebellion, revolt and revolution.
Political Rap Started With the Afrikan Talking Drum.
> Because of the perceived potential of talking drums to "speak" in a tongue unknown to slave masters / traders and thus to incite rebellion, in 1838 these and other drums were banned from use by Africans in the United States.
> H “Rap” Brown, known to many of the 1960's/70's Civil Rights and Black Power Movements as the original master rapper. Rap, a given nickname, comes from his being such an eloquent speaker he would be rappin. For more see Dr. Errol Henderson on Black Nationalism and Rap Music and our Hip Hop Audio History.
Black (New Afrikan) Youth, Unemployment and The Downpression of Hustle
From:
RBG "Last Revolutionary Higher Education Blog":Hip Hop and Politics In Tha Mix
Companion to this Lesson:
RBG Street Scholars Think Tank "State of Black America"
Unemployed youth face a sweltering summer
By Jaimeson Champion
Published Aug 11, 2008
This summer has seen record-breaking temperatures in many parts of the United States. It has been particularly hot for millions of young people who have spent the sweltering summer days hitting the pavement in search of a job, only to return home sweaty and still unemployed.
Youth unemployment has risen by an alarming 555,000 over the past three months, according to the latest report from the U.S. Department of Labor. Even Labor Department statistics—which deliberately understate U.S. job loss—can’t hide the miserable fact that youth in the U.S. are losing their jobs at an unprecedented rate.
The unemployment rate for workers under 25 years of age has increased by 2.4 percent over the past three months, according to the Labor Department. In comparison, the unemployment rate for workers 25 years of age and older has increased by 0.5 percent in the same time period.
These “official” rates are deliberately understated, as they count involuntary part-time jobs as full jobs and don’t count as unemployed the youth who no longer search for jobs because they know that no jobs exist for them. Real unemployment rates are much higher.
Many of the low-wage service sector jobs that have historically been filled by younger workers are increasingly being staffed by older workers who have lost better paying jobs in the deepening U.S. recession.
Young people of color have felt the spike in youth unemployment most acutely. According to a recent study published by Northeastern University’s Center for Labor Market Studies, Black and Latino youth are suffering real unemployment rates well over 80 percent. The CLMS research study concluded that “low income Black and Hispanic teens face the equivalent of a Great Depression.”
Overall, youth unemployment is the highest it has been in more than six decades, according to the CLMS. It found that only 37 percent of U.S. youth are actually employed.
According to the report, the highest youth unemployment rates are in the major U.S. cities. Washington, D.C., has the highest youth unemployment rate at 86 percent. New York City, Detroit and Chicago all have youth unemployment rates over 80 percent.
The spike in unemployment could not come at a worse time for working-class young people in the U.S., as it is occurring at the same time that relatively low-cost student loans are disappearing. The continuing crisis in the financial markets has sent interest rates skyrocketing on student loans. An increasing number of working-class youth, particularly those who go to community colleges, cannot get access to student loans at all.
Since March, nearly 100 lenders have suspended their participation in federally backed fixed-rate loan programs, according to the National Association for Student Financial Aid Administrators. Many more of the fixed-rate loans that low-income students are counting on to finance this coming term are likely to become unavailable in the coming months. Working-class students seeking loans for school are facing what amounts to a form of 21st-century redlining, that is, an automatic and prejudicial rejection.
On July 28 the Massachusetts Educational Financing Authority—which secures more than $500 million in student loans for more than 40,000 students—announced that it was shutting down lending operations for the 2008/2009 school year. MEFA cited deteriorating conditions in global capital markets as the reason for the shutdown. As many of the largest and most integral financial institutions in the U.S. continue to barrel toward insolvency, the subsequent credit contraction has spread to every debt market from mortgage loans to auto loans to student loans.
The utter absurdity of an economic system that makes access to education dependent on the profit margins of Wall Street is daily becoming more apparent. The need to intensify the struggle for free and universal education and more jobs for young people has never been greater. With no jobs and no money for the coming school year, this summer has been hot and miserable for millions of young people. It’s time to turn up the heat on the student lenders, bankers and bosses.
Workers World, 55 W. 17 St., NY, NY 10011
Email: ww@workers.org
Subscribe wwnews-subscribe@workersworld.net
Support independent news http://www.workers.org/orders/donate.php
23 February 2006
According to a report by the Census Bureau entitled “The Black Population in the United States: March 2002” Blacks make up 13 percent of the “civilian non-institutionalized population”—meaning people not in nursing homes or correctional institutions. That they use these figures is interesting to me, because we all know the deplorable numbers of Black men and women in prison today.
Of that 13 percent, 33 percent, according to the Bureau, were under 18. So, that's roughly a third of our population. I want us to remember when we talk about Black youth that we're talking about a third of the Black population.
Blacks accounted for about one quarter of the population in poverty in 2001, with the poverty rate for Black children at 30 percent, compared with 16 percent among all children and 10 percent for white children.
One in three Black men will serve time in prison. In 2000, nearly 30 percent of African Americans aged 18-24 had not completed high school. Black women account for 60 percent of women living with AIDS among women ages 13 to 24. Advocates for Youth says, “Urban minority female adolescents reported high levels of worry about AIDS, but they reported equal or greater concerns about having enough money to live on, general health, doing well in school, getting pregnant, and getting hurt in a street fight. For these women, HIV risk reduction could be secondary to basic needs, such as housing, food, transportation, and child care.”
And we can't have this conversation without mentioning the added hardship Black lesbian, gay, bi and trans (LGBT) youth face, as we mark the one-year anniversary of the death of Rashawn Brazell, a 19-year old bisexual man who was brutally murdered here in New York City. The Working Group on Police and State Violence at the Audre Lorde Project has noted a marked increase in hate crimes against LGBT people of color.
So, here we have it. These statistics translate into real-life hardship for Black youth. And meanwhile, Black youth remain one of the most demonized groups of people in the United States. The blame is always placed on the shoulders of those youth—and their parents—for the plethora of problems that they face, as opposed to governmental policies and institutionalized racism that began during slavery and continue to this day.
Demonization starts early
When Hurricane Katrina struck, and the world saw every level of government doing nothing to help the mostly Black people in the region, who did the media use as a diversion first? Black youth, specifically young Black men, who were derided for “looting.”
And the demonization starts as early as grammar school. In March of last year, two police officers entered an elementary school in St. Petersburg, Florida after school officials called them to deal with a 5-year-old Black girl who was being disruptive and punched a school official. Video footage shows her calm down before the officers approached, pinned her arms behind her back and put her in handcuffs. She was put in the back of a police car and had her feet restrained as well after, cops say, she tried to kick out the window. Police officials later said that the officers had committed an error of judgment but that they did not violate policy.
Two days after the incident in Florida, the assistant principal at P.S. 34 in Queens, N.Y., made her 13 Haitian students sit on the floor and eat their rice and beans with their hands. She screamed at them, in front of the rest of the students in the lunchroom, “In Haiti they treat you like animals and I will treat you the same way here.” Later the principal pulled the students out of class, tried to convince them it never happened, and offered some of them ice cream if they changed their stories.
Most recently, in January officials in the Brockton Public School District in Massachusetts suspended a six-year-old Haitian boy from an elementary school for the outrageous charge of “sexual harassment.” [See Feb. 28 issue of Workers World]
I know the last three examples are focused on children, and not technically youth. These are just the reported and most outrageous cases, who knows how much psychological trauma is inflicted on Black youth, considered a “lost cause” by many authorities in schools across the country. The psychological wounds from incidents like these will stick with a person throughout their youth, if not longer, especially when we consider the lack of health care, including counseling, for many Black children. This demonization continues throughout their lives, with “zero tolerance” policies, police brutality, attacks on affirmative action, discrimination, and so on.
Resistance
In spite of all the very real hardships that Black youth face, and the demonization on top of that, Black youth are still resistant. Let's state for the record, that just surviving in a system that has placed all the odds against you is resisting. Often even the most well-meaning will overlook the resistance that Black youth undertake every day.
An article by researcher Cathy Cohen points out, “young African Americans … have been … active and instrumental in … movements and politics. Whether it is the Black Power movement, the anti-apartheid movement, or the organized mobilization against mass incarceration, African American youth have been and continue to be at the center of these efforts, providing leadership, analysis, and energy.”
She continues, “Many African American young people find themselves at the center of many national political struggles and are, therefore, politicized at a much earlier age than more privileged youth. Increased access to information through the internet, television, and popular culture, as well as the constant presence of the state… means that the age of political engagement… is spiraling downward…. Many African American youth engage with the state on a regular basis through state-run health care policies… through their own experiences or their children's experience in the public schools … and through encounters with the police. Thus, [we] are sorely mistaken if we proceed as if young people, who are often the targets of institutional and state campaigns, programs and policies, do not have strong opinions about and take action to better their position in society, their life chances, and the distribution of power in their communities and the country.”
And doesn't this make perfect sense? It's absurd to think that Black youth aren't politically active. Many don't have a choice. They are propelled into activism by the attack of the state on their lives. I'm remind ed of the Somerville 5 in Massa chu setts as a case in point—five young Black men who have had to become activists around their own lives after they were brutally assaulted by police officers in an unprovoked attack, and then expelled from school before their cases were even heard.
Music is also used by many Black youth as a form of resistance. It's a regular occurrence in my life that I'm approached by some young brother on the subway, selling their own political, conscious music, music they tell me they created to educate and inspire others to action.
But the activism among Black youth isn't isolated from a connection to the global struggle for justice. In the past two years, I've been on delegations to Cuba with the Venceremos Brigade, and Vene zuela for the World Youth Festival. And each time I was pleasantly surprised by the number of Black youth that were on these delegations—not because I thought that youth of color wouldn't be in solidarity with Cuba and Venezuela, or revolutionary youth from around the world. I was surprised because we all know that it's not exactly cheap to travel to another part of the world. To do so takes real dedication, fundraising, taking time off jobs or school, etc. With Cuba there's the added pressure that one can face huge fines or even jail time upon returning to the United States.
In Venezuela one of the most moving things to me was the reception of the United States delegation by the other youth delegations. We were told time and time again, “We do not consider you to be your country. You are under the gun yourselves, and you are resisting, and you are our sisters and brothers.” And I just think about how energizing that was for me, and how energizing it must have been for some of these youth who have probably been demonized most of their lives.
So what's the state of Black youth? Well, it's not a pretty state—there's hardship, and brutality, and sorrow at every turn—from the most subtle to the most institutionalized racism, sexism, homophobia, and violence. But there's a light at the end of the tunnel, and that's those youth themselves, making change and taking their lives back.
Further Reading and Study:
RBG "Last Revolutionary Higher Education Blog":Hip Hop and Politics In Tha Mix
Companion to this Lesson:
RBG Street Scholars Think Tank "State of Black America"
Unemployed youth face a sweltering summer
By Jaimeson Champion
Published Aug 11, 2008
This summer has seen record-breaking temperatures in many parts of the United States. It has been particularly hot for millions of young people who have spent the sweltering summer days hitting the pavement in search of a job, only to return home sweaty and still unemployed.
Youth unemployment has risen by an alarming 555,000 over the past three months, according to the latest report from the U.S. Department of Labor. Even Labor Department statistics—which deliberately understate U.S. job loss—can’t hide the miserable fact that youth in the U.S. are losing their jobs at an unprecedented rate.
The unemployment rate for workers under 25 years of age has increased by 2.4 percent over the past three months, according to the Labor Department. In comparison, the unemployment rate for workers 25 years of age and older has increased by 0.5 percent in the same time period.
These “official” rates are deliberately understated, as they count involuntary part-time jobs as full jobs and don’t count as unemployed the youth who no longer search for jobs because they know that no jobs exist for them. Real unemployment rates are much higher.
Many of the low-wage service sector jobs that have historically been filled by younger workers are increasingly being staffed by older workers who have lost better paying jobs in the deepening U.S. recession.
Young people of color have felt the spike in youth unemployment most acutely. According to a recent study published by Northeastern University’s Center for Labor Market Studies, Black and Latino youth are suffering real unemployment rates well over 80 percent. The CLMS research study concluded that “low income Black and Hispanic teens face the equivalent of a Great Depression.”
Overall, youth unemployment is the highest it has been in more than six decades, according to the CLMS. It found that only 37 percent of U.S. youth are actually employed.
According to the report, the highest youth unemployment rates are in the major U.S. cities. Washington, D.C., has the highest youth unemployment rate at 86 percent. New York City, Detroit and Chicago all have youth unemployment rates over 80 percent.
The spike in unemployment could not come at a worse time for working-class young people in the U.S., as it is occurring at the same time that relatively low-cost student loans are disappearing. The continuing crisis in the financial markets has sent interest rates skyrocketing on student loans. An increasing number of working-class youth, particularly those who go to community colleges, cannot get access to student loans at all.
Since March, nearly 100 lenders have suspended their participation in federally backed fixed-rate loan programs, according to the National Association for Student Financial Aid Administrators. Many more of the fixed-rate loans that low-income students are counting on to finance this coming term are likely to become unavailable in the coming months. Working-class students seeking loans for school are facing what amounts to a form of 21st-century redlining, that is, an automatic and prejudicial rejection.
On July 28 the Massachusetts Educational Financing Authority—which secures more than $500 million in student loans for more than 40,000 students—announced that it was shutting down lending operations for the 2008/2009 school year. MEFA cited deteriorating conditions in global capital markets as the reason for the shutdown. As many of the largest and most integral financial institutions in the U.S. continue to barrel toward insolvency, the subsequent credit contraction has spread to every debt market from mortgage loans to auto loans to student loans.
The utter absurdity of an economic system that makes access to education dependent on the profit margins of Wall Street is daily becoming more apparent. The need to intensify the struggle for free and universal education and more jobs for young people has never been greater. With no jobs and no money for the coming school year, this summer has been hot and miserable for millions of young people. It’s time to turn up the heat on the student lenders, bankers and bosses.
Workers World, 55 W. 17 St., NY, NY 10011
Email: ww@workers.org
Subscribe wwnews-subscribe@workersworld.net
Support independent news http://www.workers.org/orders/donate.php
Black Youth in Danger
Black youth: repression and resistance
By LeiLani Dowell, Workers World, 23 February 2006
According to a report by the Census Bureau entitled “The Black Population in the United States: March 2002” Blacks make up 13 percent of the “civilian non-institutionalized population”—meaning people not in nursing homes or correctional institutions. That they use these figures is interesting to me, because we all know the deplorable numbers of Black men and women in prison today.
Of that 13 percent, 33 percent, according to the Bureau, were under 18. So, that's roughly a third of our population. I want us to remember when we talk about Black youth that we're talking about a third of the Black population.
Blacks accounted for about one quarter of the population in poverty in 2001, with the poverty rate for Black children at 30 percent, compared with 16 percent among all children and 10 percent for white children.
One in three Black men will serve time in prison. In 2000, nearly 30 percent of African Americans aged 18-24 had not completed high school. Black women account for 60 percent of women living with AIDS among women ages 13 to 24. Advocates for Youth says, “Urban minority female adolescents reported high levels of worry about AIDS, but they reported equal or greater concerns about having enough money to live on, general health, doing well in school, getting pregnant, and getting hurt in a street fight. For these women, HIV risk reduction could be secondary to basic needs, such as housing, food, transportation, and child care.”
And we can't have this conversation without mentioning the added hardship Black lesbian, gay, bi and trans (LGBT) youth face, as we mark the one-year anniversary of the death of Rashawn Brazell, a 19-year old bisexual man who was brutally murdered here in New York City. The Working Group on Police and State Violence at the Audre Lorde Project has noted a marked increase in hate crimes against LGBT people of color.
So, here we have it. These statistics translate into real-life hardship for Black youth. And meanwhile, Black youth remain one of the most demonized groups of people in the United States. The blame is always placed on the shoulders of those youth—and their parents—for the plethora of problems that they face, as opposed to governmental policies and institutionalized racism that began during slavery and continue to this day.
Demonization starts early
When Hurricane Katrina struck, and the world saw every level of government doing nothing to help the mostly Black people in the region, who did the media use as a diversion first? Black youth, specifically young Black men, who were derided for “looting.”
And the demonization starts as early as grammar school. In March of last year, two police officers entered an elementary school in St. Petersburg, Florida after school officials called them to deal with a 5-year-old Black girl who was being disruptive and punched a school official. Video footage shows her calm down before the officers approached, pinned her arms behind her back and put her in handcuffs. She was put in the back of a police car and had her feet restrained as well after, cops say, she tried to kick out the window. Police officials later said that the officers had committed an error of judgment but that they did not violate policy.
Two days after the incident in Florida, the assistant principal at P.S. 34 in Queens, N.Y., made her 13 Haitian students sit on the floor and eat their rice and beans with their hands. She screamed at them, in front of the rest of the students in the lunchroom, “In Haiti they treat you like animals and I will treat you the same way here.” Later the principal pulled the students out of class, tried to convince them it never happened, and offered some of them ice cream if they changed their stories.
Most recently, in January officials in the Brockton Public School District in Massachusetts suspended a six-year-old Haitian boy from an elementary school for the outrageous charge of “sexual harassment.” [See Feb. 28 issue of Workers World]
I know the last three examples are focused on children, and not technically youth. These are just the reported and most outrageous cases, who knows how much psychological trauma is inflicted on Black youth, considered a “lost cause” by many authorities in schools across the country. The psychological wounds from incidents like these will stick with a person throughout their youth, if not longer, especially when we consider the lack of health care, including counseling, for many Black children. This demonization continues throughout their lives, with “zero tolerance” policies, police brutality, attacks on affirmative action, discrimination, and so on.
Resistance
In spite of all the very real hardships that Black youth face, and the demonization on top of that, Black youth are still resistant. Let's state for the record, that just surviving in a system that has placed all the odds against you is resisting. Often even the most well-meaning will overlook the resistance that Black youth undertake every day.
An article by researcher Cathy Cohen points out, “young African Americans … have been … active and instrumental in … movements and politics. Whether it is the Black Power movement, the anti-apartheid movement, or the organized mobilization against mass incarceration, African American youth have been and continue to be at the center of these efforts, providing leadership, analysis, and energy.”
She continues, “Many African American young people find themselves at the center of many national political struggles and are, therefore, politicized at a much earlier age than more privileged youth. Increased access to information through the internet, television, and popular culture, as well as the constant presence of the state… means that the age of political engagement… is spiraling downward…. Many African American youth engage with the state on a regular basis through state-run health care policies… through their own experiences or their children's experience in the public schools … and through encounters with the police. Thus, [we] are sorely mistaken if we proceed as if young people, who are often the targets of institutional and state campaigns, programs and policies, do not have strong opinions about and take action to better their position in society, their life chances, and the distribution of power in their communities and the country.”
And doesn't this make perfect sense? It's absurd to think that Black youth aren't politically active. Many don't have a choice. They are propelled into activism by the attack of the state on their lives. I'm remind ed of the Somerville 5 in Massa chu setts as a case in point—five young Black men who have had to become activists around their own lives after they were brutally assaulted by police officers in an unprovoked attack, and then expelled from school before their cases were even heard.
Music is also used by many Black youth as a form of resistance. It's a regular occurrence in my life that I'm approached by some young brother on the subway, selling their own political, conscious music, music they tell me they created to educate and inspire others to action.
But the activism among Black youth isn't isolated from a connection to the global struggle for justice. In the past two years, I've been on delegations to Cuba with the Venceremos Brigade, and Vene zuela for the World Youth Festival. And each time I was pleasantly surprised by the number of Black youth that were on these delegations—not because I thought that youth of color wouldn't be in solidarity with Cuba and Venezuela, or revolutionary youth from around the world. I was surprised because we all know that it's not exactly cheap to travel to another part of the world. To do so takes real dedication, fundraising, taking time off jobs or school, etc. With Cuba there's the added pressure that one can face huge fines or even jail time upon returning to the United States.
In Venezuela one of the most moving things to me was the reception of the United States delegation by the other youth delegations. We were told time and time again, “We do not consider you to be your country. You are under the gun yourselves, and you are resisting, and you are our sisters and brothers.” And I just think about how energizing that was for me, and how energizing it must have been for some of these youth who have probably been demonized most of their lives.
So what's the state of Black youth? Well, it's not a pretty state—there's hardship, and brutality, and sorrow at every turn—from the most subtle to the most institutionalized racism, sexism, homophobia, and violence. But there's a light at the end of the tunnel, and that's those youth themselves, making change and taking their lives back.
Further Reading and Study:
- Suicide rate soars for young blacks
- UPI News, 19 March 1998. Federal health officials say the suicide rate among young blacks has soared since the mid-1980s. Some bizarre explanations: a federal health officials suggests a cause could be upward social mobility into the Middle Class; someone else suggests that exposure to white culture makes you suicidal.
- Racism in Action: Death rate rise for Black newborns in Maryland
- By John Catalinotto, Worker’s World, 12 August 1998. Recently released infant-mortality recordsfrom Maryland show how this country’s racist system is increasingly and literally a death sentence for the most oppressed.
- Our Youth
- By Theresa El-Amin, in a dialog on the BRC-ALL list, 7 January 1999. The lack of political awareness among youth.
- Militant Mood Moving Black Youth To Fight For Change
- By Ron Daniels, The Black World Today, 12 April 2000. Militant mood fueled by the gap between the promise of King’s dream and the reality of the nightmare the masses of Black working people and the poor were forced to endure on a day to day basis in the ghettos of this nation.
- Report Finds Number of Black Children in Deep Poverty Rising
- By San Dillon, The New York Times, 30 April 2003. The number of black Americans under 18 years old who live in extreme poverty has risen sharply since 2000 and is now at its highest level since the government began collecting such figures.
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