History (1) / Leonid Stein - The Master of Attacking Chess

Early life
Leonid Stein was born in Kamenets-Podolsky. He was a Jewish Ukrainian who served in the Soviet Army.
In both 1955 and 1956, he tied for first place in the individual Army Championship. He achieved the national Master title for chess at the relatively late age of 24, but, as his Army titles against strong competition attest, he was likely at that strength somewhat earlier. At 24 he competed for the first time in the USSR Chess Championship at Tbilisi, 1959. He played board one for the Soviet team at the Helsinki 1961 Student Olympiad, scoring a strong +8, =3, -1, and helping his team to the overall gold medals.

Grandmaster and Soviet Champion
He tied for third place in the 1961 Soviet Championship, at Moscow, gaining the Grandmaster title. He won his first Soviet title at Leningrad 1963; he tied with Boris Spassky and Ratmir Kholmov in the tournament itself, then won the playoffs. He won again at Tallinn, 1965, and repeated the next year, 1966, at Tbilisi. This was a torrid stretch of chess by any standards. Two outstanding international tournament victories were attained at Moscow 1967 (commemorating the 50th anniversary of the 1917 October Revolution), and Moscow 1971 (Alekhine Memorial). Both Moscow fields were top all-star caliber. Further international tournament victories were scored at East Berlin 1962, Sarajevo 1967, Hastings 1967-68, Kecskemet 1968, Tallinn 1969, Pärnu 1971, and Las Palmasv1973. From 1962-1973, Stein was in the top ten players in the world, or just outside that range.

Moscow 1963 Stein/Geller, Spassky/Bronstein, Kortschnoi/Kholomov

World title challenge frustrations

With his strong result at the 1961 Soviet Championship, he earned the right to play in the 1962 Stockholm Interzonal tournament. His play there was excellent, finishing in a tie for 6th-7th places. But he was denied the right to advance to the Candidates' Tournament, because of a FIDE rule which limited the qualifiers from any one country to three (in this case USSR). He had finished behind fellow Soviets Efim Geller, Tigran Petrosian, and Viktor Korchnoi.
A very similar occurrence was the story of the next Interzonal tournament, in Amsterdam 1964. Stein took fifth place, sufficient for qualification for any non-Soviet player, with an outstanding total of 16.5 / 23, but was blocked from advancement. He had finished behind fellow Soviets Mikhail Tal, Vasily Smyslov, and Boris Spassky, who, along with Danish GM Bent Larsen, had all scored 17 points. He did represent the USSR at the Tel Aviv Olympiad that year, scoring a fine 10/13, and winning an individual gold medal on the first reserve board. Again, he was in the Soviet side at the Havana Olympiad 1966, scoring 9/12, winning an individual silver medal on board four. Both times, the Soviet Union won the team gold medals.
Again, in 1967, Stein qualified for the Sousse Interzonal, scored well, in a tie for 6th-8th places, but had to undergo a further playoff with Samuel Reshevsky and Vlastimil Hort, in Los Angeles and did not advance.
He was in the Soviet side for the European team championships at Hamburg 1965 and Kapfenberg 1970, both of which were victorious. He served as an alternate on the Soviet team for the Match of the Century against the Rest of the World team, at Belgrade 1970. He played one game, losing to Larsen.
Stein had already qualified for the 1973 Petropolis Interzonal, and was considered a potential favorite to win the entire Candidates' cycle. But, as he was preparing to leave with the Soviet side for the European team championship, set for Bath 1973, he collapsed of an apparent heart attack, and died in the Rossiya Hotel in Moscow. He was only 38, and was still near the peak of his career.


Style and legacy

Stein’s creative style was greatly influenced by Chigorin and Alekhine . He was a highly intuitive, natural player. He was considered to be a brilliant attacking genius, but nevertheless played very sound chess, being less willing than Tal to complicate with unforeseeable results. He excelled with Black in sharp variations such as the King's Indian Defence, the Grunfeld Defence, and the Sicilian Defence.
He was one of a few players who had an even record against Vassily Smyslov, Tigran Petrosian, and Mikhail Botvinnik. He even had plus records against Mikhail Tal, Boris Spassky, and Paul Keres. Stein defeated virtually all of the top players of his era. His peak Chessmetrics rating was 2759, in September 1966.


Notable chess games

Nikolay Krogius vs Leonid Stein, Ukrainian Championship, Kiev 1960, King's Indian Defence, Petrosian Variation (E92), 0-1 Stein was a terror in the King's Indian, and shows it here.

www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1132189

Leonid Stein vs Tigran Petrosian, USSR Championship, Moscow 1961, French Defence, Winawer Variation (C18), 1-0 Stein takes off the world champion-to-be in devastating fashion.

www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1106505


Leonid Stein vs Mikhail Tal, USSR Club Championship Team finals, Moscow 1961, Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation (B94), 1-0 Former world champion Tal has to concede defeat in an ultra-sharp game.


www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1132194

Leonid Stein vs Lajos Portisch, Stockholm Interzonal 1962, Sicilian Defence, Kan Variation (B42), 1-0 Stein unleashes a nasty knight sacrifice to tear open Black's king position.

www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1112976


Boris Spassky vs Leonid Stein, USSR Championship, Leningrad 1964, Grunfeld Defence (D86), 0-1 Another world champion-to-be meets his match in Leonid Stein.

www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1128626


Mikhail Botvinnik vs Leonid Stein, Moscow 1965, Ruy Lopez, Delayed Exchange Variation (C85), 0-1 Yet another former world champion may have wished he had stayed home.

www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1032692


Leonid Stein vs Pal Benko, Caracas 1970, Sicilian Defence, Lasker Variation (B33), 1-0 Black's opening play was daring and was refuted in precise fashion.


www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1132468


Leonid Stein vs Vasily Smyslov, Moscow 1972, English Opening (A17), 1-0
 
Smyslov, a master of quiet positional play, has few answers for Stein's tactics.
www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1126431


Ljubomir Ljubojevic vs Leonid Stein, Las Palmas 1973, Nimzo-Larsen Opening (A01), 0-1 Two skilled tacticians go toe-to-toe, and Stein comes out on top, after slipping in a surprise knight sacrifice in the opening.


www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1091383